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Have you got a tummy bug?
What is a tummy bug? Dr Lisa Ackerley Investigates

Food Standards Agency Report.

According to the Food Standards Agency, around 1 in 4 of the population suffers from an episode of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID) in a year – representing an amazing possible 17 million cases annually.^{^[1]} An IID is caused by a pathogenic micro-organism. In simple terms, it’s a tummy bug that someone has eaten which causes symptoms such as vomiting and or diarrhoea.

Whilst most micro-organisms are harmless, there are also plenty that can cause harm. Norovirus accounts for the highest number of incidents, at around 3 million cases per year. Easily passed from one person to another, it can be picked up from food (oysters), water, and almost any hard surface touched by an infected person who has not washed their hands after using the toilet or if someone has vomited nearby (the projectile vomit can go a long way)! Thankfully, most sufferers recover relatively quickly, within a few days – BUT they may still be carrying the virus so good hand washing after using the toilet is absolutely essential.

What caused my tummy bug?

It’s actually very difficult to find out what caused someone to be ill – believe me, I spend a lot of time dealing with cases!

When someone says they have a tummy bug, they often think it is the last thing they ate that caused the illness, but in fact it may be something they ate some time ago.

Take Campylobacter for example, (which is found on raw chicken, and can spread through cross-contamination and lack of hand washing after preparing raw meat and poultry), can take up to 11 days before symptoms appear.

So just because you throw up your last meal, it doesn’t mean that was the cause of the illness.

How to prevent getting a tummy bug
- Wash your hands after using the toilet – and try not to touch surfaces in the toilet afterwards!
- Avoid cloth towels unless in your own bathroom – they can harbour germs
- Always wash your hands before eating – especially if you have been on public transport or are out in a restaurant – if you have picked up norovirus and then eat food using your fingers, you will infect yourself!
- Wash hands after preparing raw meat, poultry, fish and, vegetables – stop the bacteria spreading!
If someone in your house has a tummy bug
- Take special care when cleaning up – use anti-bacterial or anti-viral products – I really like Dettol Disinfectant Spray and Cleansers as they kill viruses and bacteria (good for flu and colds as well)
- Use disinfectant wipes to clean hard surfaces such as door handles, floors, toilet flush, toilet seat
- Use disposable gloves to clean up and then bin them
- Wash your hands (I wash mine twice if dealing with something really horrid)! See my blog on hand-washing
- The patient should use their own hand towel
[1] Food Standards Agency (2000). A report of infectious intestinal disease in England. London: The Stationary Office.

[2] Tam CC, Rodrigues LC, Viviani L et al. Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 Study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut. 2011 Jul 5
Cooking Safely, Food Hygiene, Home hygiene

Is it Safe to Eat Pink Duck?
The Hygiene Doctor discusses whether you should serve rare duck

I’m often asked if it is safe to eat pink duck. The most important thing is actually whether the temperature has got high enough for potentially dangerous bacteria such as Salmonella or Campylobacter to be killed.

Cooking whole poultry

If cooking a whole chicken or duck, check the area between the thigh and the breast (the thickest part); the core temperature should be 75°C.

Cooking duck breast

If checking a duck breast, put the probe in the centre of thickest part of the breast.

The good news is that it is possible to cook duck to this safe core cooking temperature and yet still retain some pinkness to the flesh, as shown from the photograph of my dinner last night!

Remember that food continues to cook after you have taken it out of the pan or oven, which is why chefs “rest” meat after cooking – so take it off the heat a little early, put in the thermometer and leave it – watch the temperature go up till it reaches 75°C. If it doesn’t get that high, then take out the probe, (disinfect it) and pop the duck back in the pan again for a few minutes. You can always cook it a bit more if you need to.

If you want to never over or under cook food again, buy a thermometer like this from Hygiene Audit Systems for only £20 please contact us on 01727 866779 for more details or to pay by credit card.

Remember: if using a probe thermometer to check that food has reached a core temperature of 75°C, it must be clean and disinfected before use.

Top tips to clean the thermometer:
- Use an antibacterial spray and some paper towels
- Use antibacterial wipes
- Put the probe tip into boiling water (if you are doing peas or potatoes, then that is just fine)!
Holidays, TV and Radio

Holiday Safety – some simple advice
Help! I’m going on Holiday abroad – how do I stay safe?

Dr Lisa Ackerley shares some of her experiences from presenting on the BBC’s Secret Tourist and Holiday Hit Squad

You don’t want to turn into a hotel inspector, but here are a few tips that may make your holiday safer.

Room

Taking a moment or two to check your accommodation before you unpack the suitcase could make a real difference to your stay – and could save your life!
- Check out emergency exits from your accommodation as soon as you arrive – this could save your lives. Don’t rely on the plan on the back of the door – I have found that it is often wrong!
- Make sure if you have young children that they can’t get onto the balcony unless you are with them. Check that the balcony is safe to use – is it high enough, is it like a climbing frame? Can the children step up to get over it? Is it wobbly? If in any doubt, ask for another, preferably ground floor room.
- Check out the electrical sockets – are there any exposed wires or broken sockets?
Pool

The swimming pool is normally one of your holiday’s luxuries. Make sure it doesn’t become one of the inconveniences.
- If it is murky, don’t go in it – it won’t be clean enough and it could be unsafe if you can’t see a child in difficulty under the water. Complain straight away and take pictures.
- Check out the depths – tell your children where the deep end is, and supervise at all times
- Check out any trip hazards or slip hazards – I have seen hotels with broken grills round the pool – ideal to fall into a gulley and break your leg whilst falling in to the pool
- Avoid the Jacuzzi unless the hotel is really spotless – some even tell you the pool hygiene readings and checks.
Buffet

You can’t exactly spend your holiday eating bread and bottled water (although that’s what I had to do on some of my trips)! Following some simple advice, you can eat to your heart’s content.
- Hot food should be hot, cold food cold.
- Watch out for recycled food – food that has been out once and is made into something else – for example, I have seen hot sausages for breakfast and then chopped sausages in salad the next day
- If there are flies or birds landing on the food, don’t touch it.
- Avoid drinks from large dispensers unless you feel really confident about the cleanliness of the place.
- Re-constituted drinks (where water is added to concentrate or powder) means you are drinking the local water – are you confident it is safe? If not then have drinks from sealed bottles – and give the ice a miss for the same reason
- Avoid dishes with undercooked eggs in, either breakfast or desserts – Salmonella is not so well controlled in many countries as it is in the UK
Watch Dr Lisa talking to Watchdog here
Food Hygiene

Is a bit of dirt good for you?
“A peck of dirt before you die” – I will give it a miss, thanks

Dr Lisa Ackerley looks at the reasons why you should wash raw vegetables thoroughly.

The Health Protection Agency revealed that unwashed leeks and potatoes may have been the cause of 250 scattered cases of E.coli O157 during 2010- 2011 which hospitalised 74 people and killed one already sick person.

So how do you make sure you don’t fall ill from E. coli? Should you stop buying leeks and potatoes? Of course not! Just follow some simple rules:
- Cooking kills E. coli, so all leeks and potatoes will be safe when cooked.
- Use anti-bacterial products to remove dirt and kill E. coli on potentially contaminated surfaces such as chopping boards and sinks.
- Make sure you wash your hands properly after handling raw vegetables – not a quick swill under the tap, but with soap, warm water and dry them properly afterwards preferably on a paper towel or hand towel – not a tea towel! This is a video from the Food Standards Agency on hand-washing which is for caterers, but there are some useful tips for the home.
It raises the issue again of how to clean produce which is to be eaten raw – produce wash for domestic and commercial use is available from the Hygiene Audit Systems shop.

So would I want to eat a peck of dirt? Not if it has E. coli on it – and how can you tell? It seems as though nearly every month another source of this potentially deadly organism is uncovered. So to keep things simple, assume that raw vegetables, meat and poultry may be contaminated, clean up carefully after preparation, and wash your hands!
Uncategorized

Hello from the Hygiene Doctor!
A very warm welcome to the Hygiene Doctor web site!

On this site my aim is to help de-mystify all there is to know about food safety and environmental health – whether you are a mum, dad, child, a food handler, business owner, TV or radio producer, newspaper or magazine journalist, this site is where you can find all you need to know about bacteria & viruses and how we can get the better of them!

If you can’t find what you are looking for, then do ask me!
Uncategorized

All I want for Christmas is….
Dr Lisa’s Christmas List

What do I give someone who has everything for Christmas?

Well strangely I have found that my friends really appreciate a probe thermometer and no – that’s not taking my work too seriously! In fact, one friend asked for another one for her fund-raising barbeque.

One interesting outcome of being an owner of a small cheap £15 thermometer is that food is not cooked too much. Before I decided to take my work home with me, the kids would wear out their jaws on over-cooked food – there was no way I was giving them E.coli! Burgers were incinerated, chicken was like cardboard! Now, cooking to 75°C in the core means that food is cooked just enough to kill the bacteria, but is so much more tasty!

I am sure that I am not the only one who has experienced dry and rather inedible turkey at Christmas. Unfortunately the colour of cooked poultry is not always a sure sign of its safety. Only by using a probe thermometer can one accurately determine that poultry has reached a safe minimum internal temperature of 75°C throughout. Turkey can actually remain pink (and tender!) even after cooking to a safe minimum internal temperature of 75°C.

My teenagers, coming from a digital age, think nothing of using the probe to check temperatures and make sure they are not going to poison themselves. They wouldn’t dream of guessing! In my experience, as teenagers, like water, only take the line of least resistance, this must be the best recommendation for probing food as opposed to guessing.

Anyway that’s what my mates are getting for Christmas and so long as they open it first thing on 25^th December, they can start with testing the turkey – my mission for safe cooking commences!

Hygiene Audit Systems sell the Comark PDQ400 Waterproof Pocket Digital Thermometer in their Safety Shop. Click here to buy.